Southwest Research Institute Develops Low Cost Centrifugal Gas Turbine

At present, over 50,000 industrial gas turbines are in operation worldwide. Compared to reciprocating engines and steam turbines, gas turbines are steadily increasing their market share due to their lower maintenance needs, higher efficiency, and reduced emissions. These advantages make them a preferred choice in many applications where performance and environmental impact matter. Industrial gas turbines are typically deployed in situations that demand high power-to-weight ratios, low emissions, and efficient operation. In the oil and gas sector, they are used for tasks like pipeline supercharging, oil pumping, water injection, gas lift, and power generation on offshore platforms. In these settings, lightweight design, durability, and reliability are critical, while efficiency takes a backseat. Modern industrial gas turbines are complex systems with rotating components, bearings, seals, lubrication systems, and advanced control mechanisms. Because of this complexity, most users rely on original equipment manufacturers for maintenance and repairs, which can be costly and time-consuming. However, there is a growing need for simpler, more cost-effective gas turbines that can operate reliably in harsh environments, require minimal training to operate, and are easy to maintain or replace. This has led to the development of a new centrifugal gas turbine prototype by engineers at the Southwest Research Institute (SWRI). The design addresses the limitations of traditional axial-flow turbines, offering a more compact and user-friendly solution. Unlike conventional gas turbines that use axial compressors and turbines, the SWRI design uses a centrifugal approach. It operates on a simple open-cycle principle, consisting of three main parts: a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine connected to a single rotating shaft. Air is drawn in, compressed, heated by fuel combustion, and then expanded through the turbine to generate mechanical output. The key innovation lies in the layout: both the compressor and turbine are mounted on the same side of the rotating wheel, while the combustion chamber and nozzle are fixed within a shroud. This results in only two major moving parts, making the turbine easier to manufacture, assemble, and maintain. The radial flow design eliminates backflow, further enhancing reliability and reducing costs. Overall, the SWRI centrifugal gas turbine is robust, compact, lightweight, and portable—ideal for applications such as pipeline cathodic protection, flare gas management, battlefield power, and auxiliary power on ships. The institute has already filed a patent for the design and is actively exploring commercial partnerships with manufacturers to bring this innovative technology to market.

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