Copper- molybdenum separation
There are two options for the separation of copper-molybdenum mixed concentrate. One is copper-suppressed molybdenum, which is the most important method. The second is molybdenum-free copper floating, which is currently used by very few selected factories.
The following is a brief introduction to these separation methods:
(A) Cyanide method: Method Cyanide strongly inhibited sulfide, because of the heavy metal ions CN- Me2 + reactions, can generate insoluble hydrophilic cyanide Me (CN) 2, continue to add cyanide The precipitate, which reacts with CN-, forms a stable complex ion Me(CN)42-. CN- also desorbs the surface adsorbent film adsorbed on the surface of the sulfide ore.
Ferricyanide and ferrocyanide and metal ions on the surface of the mineral can form a hydrophilic precipitate, which inhibits the formation of a hydrophilic membrane on the surface of the mineral. Such inhibitors are effective in inhibiting copper sulfide minerals, but the prerequisite is that the copper mineral surface is sufficiently oxidized and therefore often used in combination with an oxidizing agent.
(2) Sulfide method: When the amount of sodium sulfide is large, almost all sulfide minerals other than molybdenite can be suppressed. The inhibition of sodium sulfide is mainly caused by the hydrolysis of HS-, and HS-expresses the xanthate adsorbed on the mineral surface on the one hand, and adsorbs itself on the mineral surface to make the mineral surface hydrophilic. In addition to sodium sulfide water, there are sodium hydrosulfide and ammonium sulfide. Sodium hydrosulfide is used in foreign countries, and sodium thiohydride and sodium cyanohydroxide are sometimes used. In China, sodium sulfide is mainly used, and its dosage is usually 1000-3000 g/t. When ammonium sulfide water is released to produce HS-, NH4+ is also produced. NH4+ can “clean†the molybdenite surface with MoO2- and HmoO4- adsorbed on the molybdenum ore surface in solution to form a soluble (NH4)2MoO4, which improves the floatability.
(III) sulfate and thiosulfate method: Sulfur sulfate and sulfate capable of binding metal ions into stable complexes, such mixtures can be effectively suppressed chalcopyrite and pyrite and sphalerite. It has been reported in the literature that this combination has low inhibition and no environmental pollution, and is a promising effective inhibitor.
(Iv) an agent Knox: Knox (Nokes) is an inhibitor drug developed in the 1950s by Knox et al. A non-molybdenum sulphide ores which include phosphorus Knox P-Nokes (LR- 744) and Arsenic Knox As-Nokes (ANa-mol-D), the inhibition is stronger than Na2S. The inhibition mechanism is to desorb the collector of the mineral surface, and at the same time, the formation of hydrophilic refractory copper thiophosphorus or copper thioarsenate on the surface of the mineral, so that the mineral is inhibited.
P-Nokes is a thiophosphate prepared by reacting phosphorus pentasulfide with caustic soda. The reaction formula is:
P2S5+10NaOH=Na3PO2S2+Na3PO3S+2Na2S+5H2O
As-Nokes is a sulfurized arsenate prepared by the reaction of arsenic (As2O3) with Na2S. The reaction formula is:
As2O3+3Na2S+2H2O=Na3AsO2S2+Na3AsO3S2+2H2↑
(5) Chemical oxidant method: The surface of copper and iron sulfide minerals is oxidized by using an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite, and the oxidation of the collector adsorbed on the surface of the mineral is destroyed. The inhibitor associated with the oxidant is mainly sodium ferrocyanide. Sodium ferricyanide and sodium zinc cyanide. The widespread use of this method is limited due to the strong corrosive nature of the oxidant.
(6) Low molecular organic inhibitors: low molecular organic inhibitors consist of alkanes (short chains), hydrophilic groups and hydrophilic groups. Commonly used are thioglycolic acid (sodium) HSCH2COOH (Na), mercaptoethanol HSCH2CHOH, tetramethyl thiourea pyrimidine and Pilips oil introduced to the Austrian side (Orfom) commodity grades of D series. The inhibition mechanism of such organic inhibitors is that the hydrophilic group adsorbs on the surface of the sulfide mineral, that is, the -SH group and the -NH2 group are adsorbed on the surface of the mineral, and the hydrophilic -COOH group and the -OH group are oriented toward the water to form a hydrophilic surface on the mineral surface. Membrane, which inhibits minerals. The cost of such agents is high and large-scale industrial applications are still difficult.
(7) Heating inhibition method: The method of heating the slurry to enhance the inhibitory effect of the inhibitor. The mechanism of action is that the heating can decompose, oxidize and desorb the collector film adsorbed on the surface of the mineral; at the same time, the surface of each non-molybdenum sulfide mineral is rapidly oxidized, and the surface of the molybdenite is not easily oxidized to expand the difference in floatability.
The temperature at the time of heating is lower than the boiling point, and is generally 60 to 90 °C. There are three heating methods: the steam is directly heated into the slurry, the steam is indirectly heated by the heat exchanger, and the slurry and steam are introduced into the autoclave to be pressurized. Before the heating, the slurry is concentrated, and after heating, the slurry is adjusted and the drug is sorted.
(8) Nitrogen-filling process: In the use of sulfide and Knox, S2-, SH- is a reducing agent, which is easily oxidized by oxygen in the air filled in the slurry, so that a large amount of the agent does not participate in the copper mineral. The suppression is wasted. These reactions can be avoided by using nitrogen instead of air. It has been proved that the use of nitrogen instead of air as a bubble medium in the copper-molybdenum separation can save 50% to 75% of the copper inhibitor.
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