Equipment manufacturing industry is the cornerstone of a country’s industry. It provides important means for the development of new technologies and new products and modern industrial production, and is an indispensable strategic industry.
Even highly developed industrialized countries are highly valued. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's national economy and the need for national defense construction, an urgent large number of demands have been put on high-end CNC machine tools. The machine tool is a symbol of a country's manufacturing level. The five-axis CNC machine tool system represents the highest level of the machine tool manufacturing industry. In a sense, it reflects the state of industrial development in a country.
For a long time, the western developed countries led by the United States have always taken the five-axis linkage CNC machine tool system as an important strategic material and implemented an export licensing system. In particular during the Cold War, the embargo was imposed on China, the former Soviet Union and other socialist camps. The military-loving friends may know the famous “Toshiba incidentâ€: At the end of the last century, Toshiba Corporation sold several 5-axis CNC milling machines to the former Soviet Union. As a result, the Soviet Union used the propulsion propellers used to manufacture submarines and went on several grades. The sonar of the U.S. butterfly ship was unable to monitor the voice of the submarine. Therefore, the U.S. Toshiba Corporation violated the embargo policy on strategic materials and punished Toshiba. It can be seen that the five-axis CNC machine tool system has a decisive influence on a country's aviation, aerospace, military, scientific research, precision equipment, high-precision medical equipment and other industries.
Now, it is generally believed that the five-axis linkage CNC machine tool system is the only means to solve the processing of impellers, blades, marine propellers, heavy-duty generator rotors, turbine rotors, large-scale diesel crankshafts, and so on. Therefore, whenever people face difficulties in designing and developing complex surfaces, they often turn to the five-axis CNC system. As the five-axis CNC machine tool system is very expensive, and the NC program is difficult to produce, it is difficult for the five-axis system to be used as a “civilianâ€. However, in recent years, with the development of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems, breakthroughs have been made, and many CNC companies in China, such as Shanxing, have launched five-axis CNC machine tools and broke foreign technology. The blockade occupied the highest point of this strategic industry, greatly reducing its application costs, and thus ushering in a brand-new era for China's equipment manufacturing industry!
The development of modern science, represented by information technology, has injected a strong impetus for equipment manufacturing industry. At the same time, it also puts forward stronger requirements for it, which further highlights that machinery and equipment manufacturing industry as the carrier of high-tech industrialization promotes the entire society's technological progress and industry. There is no substitute basic role in upgrading. As the driving force behind the growth of the national economy and technological upgrading, the machinery and equipment manufacturing industry marked by the five-axis linkage will make progress together with the development of high-tech and emerging industries. China must not only become a world-famous country, but also a powerful manufacturing power in the world! It is expected that in the near future, with the popularization and promotion of the 5-axis linkage CNC machine tool system, it will surely lay a solid foundation for China to become the most powerful country in the world!
Five-axis machining center
Machining centers are generally divided into vertical machining centers and horizontal machining centers. The most effective machining surface of vertical machining centers (three axes) is only the top surface of the workpiece. The horizontal machining center can only complete workpieces by means of a rotary table. Four-sided processing. At present, the high-end machining centers are developing in the direction of five-axis control. The five-axis linkage machining center has high-efficiency and high-precision features, and workpieces can be machined in one pass to complete the pentahedron. Such as the configuration of the five-axis linkage of high-end numerical control system, you can also carry out high-precision processing of complex space surfaces, more suitable for the processing of modern molds such as auto parts, aircraft structural parts.
(In this issue, the vertical 5-axis machining center is introduced.) Vertical 5-Axis Machining Centers There are two types of rotary axes for these machining centers. One is the rotary axis of the table.
The table mounted on the bed can be swiveled around the X axis, defined as the A axis, and the A axis's general working range is +30 degrees to -120 degrees. In the middle of the worktable, there is also a turntable, which rotates around the Z axis in the position shown. It is defined as the C axis, and the C axis rotates 360 degrees. In this way, with the combination of the A-axis and the C-axis, the workpieces that are fixed on the table can be processed by the vertical spindle except for the bottom surface. The minimum division values ​​for the A-axis and C-axis are generally 0.001 degrees, which in turn allows the workpiece to be subdivided into arbitrary angles. The inclined surfaces, inclined holes, etc., are machined. A-axis and C-axis can be processed into complex space surfaces if they are linked with XYZ three linear axes. Of course, this requires the support of high-end numerical control systems, servo systems, and software. The advantage of this arrangement is that the structure of the spindle is relatively simple, the spindle rigidity is very good, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low. However, the general worktable cannot be designed too large and the load is also small, especially when the A-axis rotation is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, the workpiece will bring a large load moment to the worktable during cutting.
The other is to rely on the rotation of the vertical spindle head. The front end of the spindle is a turret that can self-circle 360 ​​degrees around the Z axis to become the C axis. There is also an A axis on the turret head that can rotate around the X axis, generally up to ± 90 degrees to achieve the same function as above. The advantage of this arrangement is that the spindle machining is very flexible and the worktable can also be designed very large. The large fuselage and large engine shell of the passenger aircraft can be processed on such machining centers. This design also has a big advantage: When we use a spherical cutter to machine the surface, when the centerline of the tool is perpendicular to the machined surface, because the vertex linear velocity of the spherical cutter is zero, the surface quality of the workpiece cut by the vertex will be poor. With the design of the spindle rotation, the spindle rotates at an angle with respect to the workpiece so that the spherical cutter avoids apex cutting to ensure a certain linear speed and improve the quality of surface machining. This structure is very much welcomed by high-precision machining of molds, which is difficult for the rotary machining center of the table. In order to achieve high-precision rotation, high-end rotary axes are also equipped with circular encoder feedback, indexing accuracy within a few seconds, of course, this type of spindle rotation structure is more complex and higher manufacturing costs.