When installing or removing bearings, it is essential to consider the structure, size, and compatibility of the bearing components. The pressure applied during installation or removal should be directly transmitted to the end face of the inner or outer ring that is tightly fitted, depending on the application. It is critical to avoid applying force through the rolling elements, as this can cause surface damage, leading to premature failure or improper operation of the bearing. Additionally, the cage, seals, and dust caps are delicate parts that can easily deform under pressure, so they should never be used as contact points for the installation or removal process.
For bearings where the inner ring is tightly fitted to the shaft and the outer ring is loosely fitted to the housing, a press can be used to install the bearing onto the shaft first. A soft metal sleeve (such as copper or soft steel) should be placed on the end face of the bearing to protect the internal components. The inner diameter of the sleeve should be slightly larger than the journal’s diameter, while the outer diameter should be smaller than the inner raceway flange to prevent contact with the cage. When installing multiple bearings, it is practical to use a casing with several handles for easier handling.
During installation, ensure that the bearing bore aligns perfectly with the shaft’s centerline. Any misalignment can lead to uneven pressure, causing indentations, shaft bending, or even cracking of the inner ring. If a press is not available, a mounting sleeve and a small hammer can be used instead. The striking force must be evenly distributed around the entire end face of the bearing. To achieve this, the end face of the sleeve being struck should be rounded or spherical.
In cases where the outer ring is tightly fitted to the housing and the inner ring is loosely fitted to the shaft, the bearing should first be pressed into the housing. The outer diameter of the mounting sleeve should be slightly smaller than the housing bore to avoid damaging the inner ring. For bearings where both the inner ring and outer ring are tightly fitted, a combination of a disc and sleeve can be used to apply even pressure to both rings simultaneously. This method is especially effective for self-aligning radial bearings.
For large bearings with significant interference fits, heating is often the preferred method. Bearings or separable rings are heated in an oil bath or specialized heater to 80–100°C (not exceeding 100°C). Once heated, the bearing should be quickly wiped clean with a dry cloth (not cotton) and immediately installed onto the mating surface. The bearing should be pushed all the way to the shoulder in one motion. During cooling, the bearing should be tapped gently with a hammer through the sleeve to ensure proper seating. Slight rotation during installation helps prevent tilting or jamming.
If the outer ring is tightly fitted to the housing, especially when the housing is made of lightweight metal, it may be necessary to heat the housing before installation. This prevents damage to the outer surface of the bearing caused by excessive pressure during insertion. Always follow proper safety procedures when working with heated components.
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