The hand selection method is a sorting method based on the difference in color and appearance between lithium minerals and gangue minerals. The selection granularity is generally 10~25 mm, and the determination of the lower particle size limit depends on economic benefits. Hand selection is the earliest method of mineral processing used in the history of lithium mine production. The United States used this method to produce spodumene concentrate from the pegmatite deposit in the Black Mountain area of ​​South Dakota as early as 1906. In addition to spodumene, but also for the production of hand-selected lepidolite, petalite, lithium phosphate, lithium aluminum ore stone.
United States South Dakota Black Hills region is the first US lithium mining mining area, has used hand-selected method selected spodumene concentrates from pegmatite ore, sometimes it comes to recover some of feldspar minerals and heavy metals. The first deposit in the Black Mountain area contains 1.5 to 1.7% of Li 2 O. The ore is mainly composed of spodumene, quartz , micro-plagioclase, albite, muscovite, apatite and tourmaline . In 1948, a hand-selected method was used to select a spodumene concentrate with a yield of 10.5%, the grade was 4.8% Li 2 O, and the recovery rate was 30-40%. Due to the low economic efficiency, the plant reformed the process in 1949, 3.3~ The 38 mm grain grade was changed to heavy medium beneficiation, and the 38-300 mm grain grade ore was still selected by hand to remove waste rock.
In the 1950s, China’s No. 1 Mine and No. 3 Mine in Xinjiang have been producing the spodumene concentrate by hand. The ore contains 1.5 to 1.8% Li 2 O, and the hand-selected concentrate grade is 5 to 6% Li 2 O. The recovery rate is 20-30. %.
The hand selection method has been generally replaced by flotation or other methods due to its high labor intensity, low productivity, poor beneficiation index, and waste of resources. However, in areas where labor is cheap, hand selection is still a kind of coarse-buried lithium mine. An important method for producing lithium concentrate.
The following figure shows the principle flow of the hand picking of the Weigang pegmatite lithium mine.
The granule pegmatite lithium mine hand selection process
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