Equipment manufacturing industry is the basic industry and pillar industry of the national economy. It is also the engine and power source for industrialization and modernization. It belongs to industries with high investment, low energy consumption, low pollution, high employment, high technology, and high added value. Measured by the scale of industrial added value, China's manufacturing industry is currently second only to the United States, Japan, and Germany, ranking fourth in the world. The report of the 17th National Congress proposed that it is an excellent opportunity for the equipment manufacturing industry to play a key role in revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry and eliminating outdated production capacity, while China is in the middle stage of heavy chemical industry.
The development of industry can not be separated from the manufacturing industry, and the development of manufacturing industry can not be separated from the equipment manufacturing industry. The level of major technical equipment often represents the level of a country's equipment manufacturing industry, and also represents the highest level of a country's industry. The current status of China's enterprises supporting domestically produced equipment is: small enterprises are better than large ones, private people are better than state-owned ones, and competitive companies are better than monopoly ones, and even some foreign companies are better than their own. Some large-scale equipment has been exported to foreign countries or even developed countries. Domestic enterprises have avoided using them. The more large-scale monopolies, the more they like to use imported equipment. If enterprises do not use domestically produced equipment, independent innovation cannot be discussed. They can only take the old path of introduction, backwardness and re-introduction, and the country’s economic security will not be guaranteed.
In fact, the equipment industry in the developed countries is also relying on government support to gradually grow. Its supporting methods include government procurement, tax deductions, preferential loans, capital investment, market protection, etc., and the use of different focuses in various stages of industrial development. For example, the United States usually adopts government procurement, military ordering, government funding, and other means to protect its domestic market. Some public facilities also have localization rates for equipment.
At present, China's equipment manufacturing industry still has a small gap with the world's advanced level. The overall domestic market for domestically produced equipment is less than 60%, and it is even lower in major equipment areas. In particular, high-tech equipment and micro-processing equipment are almost entirely dependent on imports. Some of the products with high technical content also need to rely on foreign countries, such as aircraft engines, ships, aircraft navigation instrumentation, precision high-end bearings, high-speed train brake systems.
With the rapid development of high and new technology and information technology, technical equipment is becoming more and more software-oriented, and equipment manufacturing industry will enter more high-tech industries. At present, there are four major problems in China's equipment manufacturing industry:
First, the government has not yet formed an effective management and coordination mechanism for equipment import and technology introduction, and the phenomenon of repeated introduction is serious.
Second, some enterprises only pay attention to the import of equipment and ignore the introduction of technology. They only care about their immediate interests, regardless of their long-term interests. They neither have independent intellectual property rights nor are they willing to have independent innovation capabilities.
Third, insufficient investment in R&D capital. The R&D expenditure of large and medium-sized equipment manufacturing enterprises in China accounts for only 1.2% of sales revenue, which is 4 percentage points lower than that of Japan and other developed countries. According to international experience, if the proportion is 1%, it is difficult for enterprises to survive the competition. When the proportion is 2%, the company can barely maintain the competition. Only when the proportion exceeds 5%, the company can truly compete. The ratio of imported technology costs and digestion and absorption costs in China's equipment manufacturing industry is 1:0.36, while that in industrial countries is usually 1:3. Japan, South Korea, and other countries can achieve 1:5 to 1:8. Due to the low cost of digestion and absorption, the technology that the company has just introduced has not yet had time to digest, but it has also rushed to introduce newer technologies at the request of the country and users, forming an endless cycle of dependence on foreign technology.
Fourth, low industrial concentration, lack of coordinated development, high international dependence on core technologies, and weak independent innovation capabilities. At present, more than 90% of China's optical fiber manufacturing equipment, 85% of integrated circuit chip manufacturing equipment, 80% of petrochemical equipment, 70% of the car industry equipment, CNC machine tools, textile machinery market occupied by imported products. As a working machine, the CNC machine tool usually accounts for 30% to 50% of the machine tool's cost, but more than 90% of China's high-end CNC machine tools rely on imports.
Since the State Council convened the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry conference in 2006, various preferential support policies have come one after another. However, even the recently issued “Measures for First-Purchase and Ordering Administration of Independent Innovation Products†is not satisfactory in terms of operability. In the implementation process, it is even more difficult. The reason for this is that because of the lack of a design development and supervision and execution department that is engaged in the overall development strategy, there is a lack of guidance in implementation and there is no monitoring in the planning. The revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry is led by the National Development and Reform Commission, but the National Development and Reform Commission only plans, projects and approves, and lacks the means to guide, regulate, and supervise. The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated policies but lacked a powerful centralized authority to supervise implementation. One of the main responsibilities of the newly established Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is to formulate and organize the implementation of industrial industry planning, industrial policies and standards, and promote the development of major technological equipment and independent innovation. This will overcome the previous situation in which the government has failed to work together to provide a strong support and institutional guarantee for the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry.
The development of industry can not be separated from the manufacturing industry, and the development of manufacturing industry can not be separated from the equipment manufacturing industry. The level of major technical equipment often represents the level of a country's equipment manufacturing industry, and also represents the highest level of a country's industry. The current status of China's enterprises supporting domestically produced equipment is: small enterprises are better than large ones, private people are better than state-owned ones, and competitive companies are better than monopoly ones, and even some foreign companies are better than their own. Some large-scale equipment has been exported to foreign countries or even developed countries. Domestic enterprises have avoided using them. The more large-scale monopolies, the more they like to use imported equipment. If enterprises do not use domestically produced equipment, independent innovation cannot be discussed. They can only take the old path of introduction, backwardness and re-introduction, and the country’s economic security will not be guaranteed.
In fact, the equipment industry in the developed countries is also relying on government support to gradually grow. Its supporting methods include government procurement, tax deductions, preferential loans, capital investment, market protection, etc., and the use of different focuses in various stages of industrial development. For example, the United States usually adopts government procurement, military ordering, government funding, and other means to protect its domestic market. Some public facilities also have localization rates for equipment.
At present, China's equipment manufacturing industry still has a small gap with the world's advanced level. The overall domestic market for domestically produced equipment is less than 60%, and it is even lower in major equipment areas. In particular, high-tech equipment and micro-processing equipment are almost entirely dependent on imports. Some of the products with high technical content also need to rely on foreign countries, such as aircraft engines, ships, aircraft navigation instrumentation, precision high-end bearings, high-speed train brake systems.
With the rapid development of high and new technology and information technology, technical equipment is becoming more and more software-oriented, and equipment manufacturing industry will enter more high-tech industries. At present, there are four major problems in China's equipment manufacturing industry:
First, the government has not yet formed an effective management and coordination mechanism for equipment import and technology introduction, and the phenomenon of repeated introduction is serious.
Second, some enterprises only pay attention to the import of equipment and ignore the introduction of technology. They only care about their immediate interests, regardless of their long-term interests. They neither have independent intellectual property rights nor are they willing to have independent innovation capabilities.
Third, insufficient investment in R&D capital. The R&D expenditure of large and medium-sized equipment manufacturing enterprises in China accounts for only 1.2% of sales revenue, which is 4 percentage points lower than that of Japan and other developed countries. According to international experience, if the proportion is 1%, it is difficult for enterprises to survive the competition. When the proportion is 2%, the company can barely maintain the competition. Only when the proportion exceeds 5%, the company can truly compete. The ratio of imported technology costs and digestion and absorption costs in China's equipment manufacturing industry is 1:0.36, while that in industrial countries is usually 1:3. Japan, South Korea, and other countries can achieve 1:5 to 1:8. Due to the low cost of digestion and absorption, the technology that the company has just introduced has not yet had time to digest, but it has also rushed to introduce newer technologies at the request of the country and users, forming an endless cycle of dependence on foreign technology.
Fourth, low industrial concentration, lack of coordinated development, high international dependence on core technologies, and weak independent innovation capabilities. At present, more than 90% of China's optical fiber manufacturing equipment, 85% of integrated circuit chip manufacturing equipment, 80% of petrochemical equipment, 70% of the car industry equipment, CNC machine tools, textile machinery market occupied by imported products. As a working machine, the CNC machine tool usually accounts for 30% to 50% of the machine tool's cost, but more than 90% of China's high-end CNC machine tools rely on imports.
Since the State Council convened the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry conference in 2006, various preferential support policies have come one after another. However, even the recently issued “Measures for First-Purchase and Ordering Administration of Independent Innovation Products†is not satisfactory in terms of operability. In the implementation process, it is even more difficult. The reason for this is that because of the lack of a design development and supervision and execution department that is engaged in the overall development strategy, there is a lack of guidance in implementation and there is no monitoring in the planning. The revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry is led by the National Development and Reform Commission, but the National Development and Reform Commission only plans, projects and approves, and lacks the means to guide, regulate, and supervise. The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated policies but lacked a powerful centralized authority to supervise implementation. One of the main responsibilities of the newly established Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is to formulate and organize the implementation of industrial industry planning, industrial policies and standards, and promote the development of major technological equipment and independent innovation. This will overcome the previous situation in which the government has failed to work together to provide a strong support and institutional guarantee for the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry.
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