According to industry experts, the remanufacturing of auto parts is an industry that not only saves resources but also highlights environmental protection. Remanufacturing has created huge economic benefits while reducing pollution to the environment and reducing the waste of limited resources.
However, in China, this is just a new industry. Despite all the attention given by the community, factors such as late start-up, low awareness, backward technology, unfavorable circulation, and imperfect regulations and policies have also restricted zero. The forward development of the component remanufacturing industry.
Obstacles to ideas
In the field of automotive maintenance, remanufactured parts have a wide range of application prospects, especially in the increasingly tense energy and resources, and the pressure of environmental protection increases. It is undoubtedly more practical to use remanufactured products with lower manufacturing costs and lower cost of consumption. For example, in the United States, the largest remanufacturing industry is the remanufacturing of the automotive industry. There are more than 50,000 companies engaged in remanufacturing, with annual sales of 36.5 billion US dollars. These remanufactured automotive parts are widely used in after-sales maintenance services. Remanufactured products such as engines, transmissions, steering gears, starters, carburetors, etc. already account for 70%-80% of the replacement market.
However, the impact on the development of the auto parts remanufacturing industry may be the first problem we face in China.
The “Remanufacturing and Creating Green Wealth†report by the relevant person in charge of the China Automobile Industry Association (referred to as the China Automobile Association) repeatedly mentioned the development issues of the remanufacturing industry. The executive deputy chairman and secretary-general of the China Automotive Industry Association Dong Yangjiong In response to this problem, it is pointed out that the ideological understanding and obstacles to the old concepts, legal constraints, taxation and preferential policies are not in place, the measures for recycling old parts are not effective, the qualification requirements for remanufacturers and the access conditions for remanufactured products, and the marking system are not clear. , has become a few issues that affect the remanufacturing of automobiles.
The first is the conceptual obstacles. This view of Zhang Boshun, Secretary-General of China Automobile Association Market and Trade Committee, is more clear. “Related parties think that since they are scrapped, they are still used for remanufacturing; Some consumers think that remanufactured products are not as good as new products, and they are reluctant to use it again. Manufacturing products."
“It is imperative to strengthen the promotion of remanufactured products.†Mr. He Guangyuan, former Minister of Machinery Industry who is very concerned about this area, pointed out that the current need to speed up the development of auto parts remanufacturing needs to be done. He said that the government should also use various Opportunities are promoted to allow the public to understand remanufactured products, to understand the benefits of using remanufactured products, and to study how to stimulate corporate enthusiasm through national policies.
According to the reporter’s understanding, apart from more than 100 tire remanufacturing enterprises engaged in tire retreading, there are only a few major auto parts manufacturers in China: First, Baike (Changshu) Motor Co., Ltd., which was the first to test the water, started as early as 1986. The plant has been set up in Shekou, Shenzhen to produce remanufactured automotive generators and starters. With the approval of the former Ministry of Machinery, Jinan Heavy Duty Truck Group's Fuqiang Power Co., Ltd., a Sino-foreign joint venture remanufactured company set up in 1994, is also very early to start business; Already in the remanufacturing industry, there are Shanghai Volkswagen Ribeid Powertrain Co., Ltd., Caterpillar Remanufacturing Industry (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Huadu Global Automatic Transmission Co., Ltd.
Although these companies are engaged in the auto parts remanufacturing industry earlier, the scale of production is not very large. For example, SINOTRUK Fuqiang and Shanghai Volkswagen Rebeider are only relying on this channel's domestic after-sale maintenance network model operation, Guangzhou Huadu and Changshu. The two companies imported waste mechanical and electrical products from abroad and then returned them to overseas markets. The world’s largest remanufacturer, Caterpillar, has also been subject to unfavorable recycling and related regulatory restrictions. Restricted by various unfavorable factors.
Policy restrictions
The concept of remanufacturing, especially the remanufacturing of auto parts, has only been widely mentioned in recent years. For most of the public, it is still in a relatively unfamiliar stage. China's auto parts remanufacturing industry can only be regarded as just From the start, but from the current market situation, it has great potential for development. A batch of whole vehicles and parts and components companies such as FAW, Dongfeng, Yuchai, Weichai, etc. are actively developing this business, and the relevant national departments are also canceling or changing. Policy restrictions on the remanufacturing of auto parts.
The State Council's Decree No. 307 of the State Council in June 2001 stipulated that the "five major assemblies" of dismantled engines, transmissions, front and rear axles, and frames should be used as "scrap metal and sold to iron and steel enterprises as raw materials for smelting." Reflow. Due to regulatory constraints, it is difficult for remanufacturers to obtain remanufactured old parts from recycling and dismantling enterprises. Moreover, due to the interests of some unscrupulous traders, some scrapped automobiles have been assembled to continue on the road, causing social harm and destroying the recycling of parts and components.
In this regard, Li Wanli, Director of the Industrial Policy Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, proposed that the remanufacturing of auto parts should be started from the beginning of the legislation, and then a set of management system for the entire remanufacturing process (including the registration system) should be gradually formed so that the automobile itself can be used. Some of the engines, gearboxes, or other products, after a high-tech rearrangement, can still be returned to the environment.
The two documents No. 21 and No. 22 promulgated by the State Council as early as 2005 have pointed out that the state will vigorously “support the remanufacturing of waste products†and list the “green remanufacturing technology†as “the relevant departments of the State Council and local people at all levels. One of the key and common projects that the government needs to increase its economic support."
In April 2006, Vice Premier Zeng Peiyan instructed the “Recommendation on the Development of Auto Parts Remanufacturing Industry and Relevant Countermeasures and Measures†of the National Development and Reform Commission, agreeing to use auto parts as a pilot for remanufacturing industry to explore experiences and develop technologies while considering Revise relevant laws and regulations in due course. In June 2007, Zeng Peiyan instructed the Ministry of Machinery Industry Minister He Guangyuan’s recommendation to accelerate the remanufacturing of auto parts, quickly tightened regulations, and launched one or two pilots, again demonstrating the State Council’s attitude of supporting auto parts remanufacturing.
Following the above-mentioned thinking, the National Development and Reform Commission has proposed measures for the development of China's auto parts remanufacturing industry based on an in-depth study of the development of domestic and foreign remanufacturing industries in the first half of this year. At present, the National Development and Reform Commission is hurrying to study and draft the "Pilot Project for the Remanufacturing of Auto Parts". The re-manufacturing pilot project has become an important part of the national circular economy pilot project.
Technological backwardness
Recently, many scholars have put forward the concept of product life cycle. This theory holds that the product life span includes not only the use time of the current generation, but also the retirement, recycling, and reuse of the product and its components to form a new life. cycle.
In this regard, Xu Binshi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering who proposed the concept of remanufacturing for the first time, also believes that the remanufacturing of parts and components should be guided by the product life cycle theory, but he particularly emphasizes advanced technologies and industrialized production methods. "Remanufacturing is not a used product but a new product. Products that are remanufactured using new technologies can make up for the weakest link in the original product, so the quality of remanufactured products may exceed that of new products."
Countries with advanced remanufacturing technologies have fully considered the recycling process from the perspectives of material selection, structure and function, manufacturing process, storage and transportation methods, product use, waste disposal, etc., in terms of product design, production, consumption, and recycling. All have strict controls.
The European Union Directive on the disposal of scrapped vehicles promulgated by the European Union in May 2000 clearly stipulates the use of environmental loads for new vehicles, the dismantling of scrapped vehicles, the recycling of scrapped vehicles, etc., and it is planned that after January 2015, zero The actual efficiency of component recycling reaches 95%?J where energy efficiency is ≤10%?K.
In Munich, Germany, BMW has established a specialized recycling and lending center to study the dismantling technology and economy of used cars. In the process of remanufacturing, 94% of them were repaired by high technology, and 5.5% were regenerated. Only 0.5% was landfilled.
According to experts, the old components were completely dismantled, cleaned, tested, processed, assembled, and tested. After the remanufactured product, the performance of the product reached or exceeded that of the prototype. The cost was less than 50% of the new product and was consumed compared to the remelted product. It can be less than 40% and the material saving is more than 70%, but this is based on high-end technology and advanced equipment. At present, the introduction of product equipment and technologies for the repair and transformation of auto parts in China is far from enough.
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