The upper and lower bounds of the large gear index circle are constrained to the gear tooth width. The upper and lower bounds are the design variables. The upper and lower bounds are constrained. The upper and lower bounds of the above constraints must consider the requirements of standards and specifications, and also consider the design level. The factors of manufacturing level, material quality, use conditions and importance, and these factors have different degrees of ambiguity. The distance dM(A, B) between the actual evaluation set A and the ideal evaluation set B can be calculated by using the weighted q-module Minkowski expression, where q is a positive real number. For the convenience of calculation, q=1 is selected, that is, the weighted absolute Hamming distance is the weight of the i-th membership degree, and there is.
The fuzzy optimization model solves the membership function of fuzzy constraints. In the fuzzy constraints of the design model, their boundaries are not strictly defined. In the vicinity of the allowable values, the gradual process from full use to incomplete use is reflected, and the change rule is expressed by the membership function. The determination of membership function should be judged according to the nature of fuzzy constraints and design requirements. The commonly used membership functions are trapezoidal distribution, normal distribution, and Cauchy distribution.
Considering the convenience of solving, we all adopt the following linear membership function. The fuzzy distribution of gear stress obeys the semi-trapezoidal distribution, that is, the stress should not exceed a certain fuzzy allowable range; the fuzzy distribution of other variables or constraints adopts trapezoidal distribution, ie variable Or the value of the constraint should satisfy certain fuzzy upper and lower limits.
Design examples and results analysis problems and related parameters. The single-stage helical-toothed cylindrical gear reducer produced by a reducer factory requires a double-target minimum volume design. The pinion transmission torque is T1=440Nm; the transmission ratio is i=5; the pinion material is 40Cr (quenching), the hardness is 48-55HRC; the large gear material is 45 steel (tempering), the hardness is 217～255HB; other parameters Provided by the factory. The upper and lower limits of the fuzzy constraint transition interval are shown in Table 1. The dynamic load coefficient Kv of the gear is between 1.0 and 1.5, and its value is affected by various fuzzy factors. In this example, the pitch line speed, the inertia and stiffness of the gear, and the gear teeth are considered. The main factors such as the load, bearing and box support stiffness, and transmission error caused by the base section and tooth profile error. The second-order fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to obtain Kv=1.24.
The larger the horizontal value of each fuzzy constraint, the stricter the constraint, the safer the solution result, but the higher the cost; on the contrary, the looser the constraint, the less secure the solution result, but the lower the cost. The selection of values ​​is also affected by a variety of fuzzy factors. This example considers the influence of design level, manufacturing level, material quality, use condition and importance degree and maintenance cost. The factor level is divided into 5 levels, and the comprehensive evaluation set membership degree can use fuzzy statistical method or expert scoring method. To determine, this paper uses the expert scoring method to determine that the degree of membership of the ideal evaluation set is = (1.0, 0, 0, ... 0). The second-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to obtain the optimization result of *=0.439. By programming the machine operation, the optimal solution, the optimal value and the maximum constraint value of the single-objective fuzzy optimization (continuous variable), and the optimal-level solution and the optimal value of the double-objective fuzzy optimization can be obtained.
Result analysis. It can be seen from the fuzzy optimization results of the design example that the optimal values ​​of the single-objective fuzzy optimization are smaller than the optimal values ​​of the dual-objective fuzzy optimization. For a single target, it seems that the single-objective fuzzy optimization results are better. However, we know that in the case of multi-objectives, it is difficult to achieve optimality of several sub-goals at the same time due to mutual constraints of each target. Generally, there is no absolute optimal solution, and engineering optimization design pursues the whole scheme. The evaluation is as good as possible, and it is expected that several indicators will simultaneously achieve the optimal combination, that is, the pursuit of the best design. The multi-objective fuzzy optimization design method of the reducer proposed in this paper satisfies this engineering design requirement, and considers more fuzzy factors in the design, which is more in line with objective reality. Therefore, it is a comprehensive design method with more engineering practical value. .
Our air cooled UV LED curing solution is a proprietary product for future.
It's seamless assembled on emitting area& specialized arrays(linear or arching)by your requirement.Designed for a range of applications in curing process involved adhesives , coating & inks, from small to wide substrates, the Bingri UV LED solution delivers an unique performance environmentally-friendly with high power UV output and low temperature curing for outstanding throughput and increased production yields.Our series are available in 365nm, 385nm,395nm and 405nm, utilizing vertical chip package comprised of most reliable chip & quartz len to achieve optimal irradiance at optional distance according to requirement. We provide viewing angle 60° & 30° options to develop your energy-efficient UV Curing process .
Peimary features:
1. Intelligent Touchpad Panel Controls
2. Abnormality Alarm System
3. Temperature Controls by Air radiator
4. Energy-efficient & environmentally-friendly
Air Cooled Uv Led Curing,Led Uv Curing,High Power Led Curing,Uv Curing For Printing
Bingri Electronic Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. , https://www.bingriuvled.com