The oil-based cutting fluid has good lubricating performance and poor cooling effect. Compared with oil-based cutting fluids, water-based cutting fluids have relatively poor lubricating properties and good cooling effects. Slow cutting requires a high degree of lubricity of the cutting fluid. In general, cutting oil is used when the cutting speed is less than 30 m/min. Table 1 Comparison of the performance of water-based cutting fluids for oil-based cutting fluids Oil-based cutting fluids Water-based cutting fluids Cutting performance Tool resistance Dimensional accuracy Surface roughness Good Poor Poor Poor performance Machine tool, workpiece rust Paint peeling Chips Separation, removal of smoke, fire on the skin to stimulate the operation of environmental health, mildew, corruption, metamorphism using liquid maintenance waste liquid treatment good poor poor poor poor good good poor good quality Liquid Handling Costs Machine Maintenance Cost Difference Poor Good Poor Difference Poor The cutting oil containing extreme pressure additives, regardless of the machining of any material, is effective when the cutting speed does not exceed 60 m/min. In high-speed cutting, due to the large amount of heat, the heat transfer effect of the oil-based cutting fluid is poor, the cutting zone temperature is too high, resulting in cutting oil smoke, fire and other phenomena, and due to the workpiece temperature is too high to produce thermal deformation. Workpiece machining accuracy, so more water-based cutting fluid. The emulsion combines the lubricity and rust resistance of the oil with the excellent cooling of the water, and at the same time, it has good lubrication and cooling properties, and thus is effective for high-speed, low-pressure metal cutting operations generated by a large amount of heat. Compared with oil-based cutting fluids, the advantages of the emulsions are greater heat dissipation, cleanliness, economical use due to dilution with water, and health and safety benefits for the operators that make them happy to use. In fact, except for materials that are particularly difficult to process, the emulsion can be used for almost all light and medium-load cutting and most of the heavy-duty machining. The emulsion can also be used for complex grinding such as thread grinding and fluting. In all grinding processes, the disadvantage of the emulsion is that it is easy to grow bacteria and molds, and the active components in the emulsion are chemically decomposed, resulting in odor and deterioration. Therefore, an organic biocide with low toxicity should generally be added. The advantages of chemically synthesized cutting fluids are economy, rapid heat dissipation, strong cleaning and excellent visibility of the workpiece, easy control of process dimensions, and greater stability and anti-corruption than emulsions. Poor lubricity causes sticking and wear of the moving parts of the machine, and viscous residues left by chemical synthesis can affect the movement of machine parts and cause rust on the overlapping surfaces of these parts. The performance comparison of oil-based cutting fluid and water-based cutting fluid is shown in Table 1. Table 2 Oil-Based Cutting Fluids and Water-based Cutting Fluids Applications Cutting Types Cutting Fluid Selection Water-Based Cutting Fluids Oil-Based Cutting Fluids Turning, Boring Multi-axis Turning Multi-Station Turning Deep Hole Drilling Milling Broaching, Reaming Wire hobbing, slotting, planing, internal and external cylindrical gear grinding, flat grinding groove grinding, thread grinding, high-speed grinding, powerful grinding, honing, etc. are rarely used and rarely used. Frequently Used Frequently Used Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Frequently Uncommon Basic cutting fluid: Location where there is a potential risk of fire in oil-based cutting fluids; High-speed and large-feed cutting, where the cutting area exceeds the high temperature, smoke is intense, and there is a risk of fire. Consider the flow of the process before and after the use of water-based cutting fluid. I hope to reduce the pollution and dirt around the machine tool caused by the splash of oil and the spread of oil mist, so as to keep the operating environment clean. Considering the price, for some machining processes where the easy-to-process materials protect the surface quality of the workpieces, the use of general water-based cutting fluids can meet the application requirements, and the cost of cutting fluids can be greatly reduced. When the tool's durability occupies a large part of the economics of cutting (such as expensive tools, sharp grinding tools, long loading and unloading time, etc.); high precision machine tools, absolutely no water mixed in (to avoid corrosion) Occasion; The lubrication system and cooling system of the machine tool are easy to collude, and the equipment and conditions for waste liquid treatment are not available. Oil-based cutting fluids should all be considered.
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