Comprehensive Overview of Hastelloy C-276 Pipe
Hastelloy C-276 is a high-performance nickel-based alloy that combines excellent corrosion resistance with strong mechanical properties. It is widely used in harsh environments where other materials might fail due to exposure to aggressive chemicals, high temperatures, or extreme conditions. This makes it an ideal choice for critical applications in the chemical, oil and gas, and pharmaceutical industries.
Key Characteristics
- Corrosion Resistance: Hastelloy C-276 is highly resistant to a wide range of corrosive media, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, seawater, chlorides, and hypochlorite solutions. Its composition, rich in molybdenum and tungsten, helps prevent pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. However, it should not be used in highly oxidizing environments like concentrated hot nitric acid.
- High-Temperature Performance: The alloy retains its strength and stability at elevated temperatures, with oxidation resistance up to 1900°F (1038°C). It also maintains good toughness at cryogenic temperatures, making it suitable for both extreme heat and cold.
- Good Workability: It can be hot worked within a temperature range of 1600°F to 2250°F (870°C to 1230°C), and while it can be cold formed, it may require intermediate annealing due to its high work-hardening rate.
Heat Treatment
Hastelloy C-276 cannot be strengthened through heat treatment. Instead, it is typically solution annealed at 2050°F (1121°C) and then rapidly cooled to achieve optimal microstructure and performance characteristics.
Applications
This alloy is commonly used in chemical processing systems, especially in sour service environments containing hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and chlorides. It is also used in the production of tubing, casing, and liners for oil and gas equipment. Additionally, it finds use in pharmaceuticals, paper manufacturing, and cryogenic systems, where it can operate at temperatures as low as -455°F (-271°C).
Chemical Composition
| C | Cr | Ni | Fe | Mn | Si | Mo | Co | P | S | V | W |
| ≤ 0.02% | 14.5 - 16.5% | BAL | 4 - 7% | ≤ 1% | ≤ 0.08% | 15 - 17% | ≤ 2.5% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.35% | 3 - 4.5% |
Standards
ASTM B622, ASME SB622
Typical Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)
| Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation |
| ≥ 100 ksi | ≥ 41 ksi | ≥ 40% |
*Higher strength levels can be achieved through cold working.
Physical Properties
| 70°F | 200°F | 400°F | 600°F | 800°F | 1000°F | 1200°F | ||
| Density | lbs/in³ | 0.321 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Thermal Expansion | X10â»â¶/°F | - | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 9.6 |
| Elastic Modulus | 10³ ksi | 29.8 | 29.1 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 22.37 |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.33 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.377 |
| Thermal Conductivity | Btu-in/h·ft²·°F | - | 77 | 90 | 104 | 117 | 132 | 152 |
| Specific Heat | Btu/lb·°F | 0.102 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.14 |
| Yield Strength | ksi | 41 | 40 | 38 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 11 |
| Tensile Strength | ksi | 100 | 99 | 99 | 94 | 92 | 87 | 44 |
Manufacturing Process
| PROCESS | DESCRIPTION |
| Steel Making | Produced using Electric Arc Furnace followed by Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization (VOD) or Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD). |
| Pipe Making | Manufactured using conventional seamless cold finished pipe and tube processes. |
| Heat Treatment | Can be supplied in either annealed or cold hardened condition, as it cannot be strengthened through heat treatment. |
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