Comprehensive Introduction to Hastelloy C-276 Pipe
Hastelloy C-276 is a high-performance nickel-based alloy that combines excellent corrosion resistance with strong mechanical properties. It is widely used in harsh environments where traditional materials would fail, especially in chemical processing and industrial applications involving corrosive media.
Key Features of Hastelloy C-276
One of the most notable attributes of Hastelloy C-276 is its exceptional resistance to a wide range of corrosive substances. This includes both oxidizing and reducing acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. The alloy also performs well in seawater, chlorides, wet chlorine gas, and hypochlorite solutions. Its composition, which includes significant amounts of molybdenum and tungsten, enhances its ability to resist localized corrosion, pitting, and stress corrosion cracking—especially in chloride-rich environments.
High-Temperature Performance
This alloy can withstand elevated temperatures up to 1900°F (1038°C) without losing its structural integrity or oxidation resistance. In the annealed condition, it has a yield strength of approximately 41 ksi (345 MPa), and it maintains good toughness even at cryogenic temperatures, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Heat Treatment and Workability
Hastelloy C-276 cannot be strengthened through heat treatment. Instead, it is typically solution-annealed at around 2050°F (1121°C) and then rapidly cooled to achieve optimal properties. It can be hot worked between 1600°F and 2250°F (870°C to 1230°C). While cold forming is possible, it requires intermediate annealing due to its high work-hardening rate.
Common Applications
The versatility of Hastelloy C-276 makes it ideal for use in various industries. It is commonly found in chemical processing equipment, oil and gas pipelines, and sour service environments where hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), and chlorides are present. It is also used in pharmaceuticals, paper production, cryogenic valves, and superconducting systems operating at extremely low temperatures, down to -455°F (-271°C).
Chemical Composition
| C | Cr | Ni | Fe | Mn | Si | Mo | Co | P | S | V | W |
| ≤ 0.02% | 14.5–16.5% | BAL | 4–7% | ≤ 1% | ≤ 0.08% | 15–17% | ≤ 2.5% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.35% | 3–4.5% |
Standards and Specifications
Hastelloy C-276 pipe conforms to ASTM B622 and ASME SB622 standards, ensuring consistent quality and performance across different manufacturing processes.
Typical Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)
| Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation |
| ≥ 100 ksi | ≥ 41 ksi | ≥ 40% |
Note: Higher strength levels can be achieved through cold working.
Physical Properties
| Property | Unit | 70°F | 200°F | 400°F | 600°F | 800°F | 1000°F | 1200°F |
| Density | lbs/in³ | 0.321 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Thermal Expansion | X10â»â¶/°F | - | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 9.6 |
| Elastic Modulus | 10³ ksi | 29.8 | 29.1 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 22.37 |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.33 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.377 |
| Thermal Conductivity | Btu-in/h·ft²·°F | - | 77 | 90 | 104 | 117 | 132 | 152 |
| Specific Heat | Btu/lb·°F | 0.102 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.14 |
| Yield Strength | ksi | 41 | 40 | 38 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 11 |
| Tensile Strength | ksi | 100 | 99 | 99 | 94 | 92 | 87 | 44 |
Manufacturing Process
| Process | Description |
| Steel Making | Produced using Electric Arc Furnace followed by Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization (VOD) or Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD). |
| Pipe Making | Manufactured using conventional seamless cold-finished pipe and tube processes. |
| Heat Treatment | Cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Available in either annealed or cold-hardened conditions. |
Hastelloy C-276 pipe is an essential material for industries requiring high durability, reliability, and resistance to extreme conditions. Whether in chemical processing, oil and gas, or cryogenic applications, this alloy continues to prove its value in demanding environments.
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